Exclamations show strong feeling, such as surprise, joy or anger. Use what + a noun phrase, or how + an adjective or adverb. In writing, they usually end with an exclamation mark.
Use what a or what an before a singular countable noun, with or without an adjective. Use what alone before a plural or uncountable noun.
You can add the subject and verb. Keep statement word order: the subject comes before the verb.
What a pity shows that you are sorry about something. You can add a clause, with or without that.
Use how before an adjective. You can add the subject and verb, with statement word order.
How can also go before an adverb.
In informal American English, people sometimes use question word order with how.
In a formal or literary style, how can introduce a whole clause.
You can use a negative question to show surprise or enthusiasm. This is an exclamation, not a real question.
People often use a short fixed phrase, without a verb.
End a written exclamation with an exclamation mark. In formal writing, do not use exclamations too often.
✗What lovely dress!
✓What a lovely dress!
Use a or an with a singular countable noun.
✗How a lovely dress!
✓What a lovely dress!
Use what with a noun phrase. Use how with an adjective or adverb: How lovely the dress is!
✗What a tall building is it!
✓What a tall building it is!
In what + noun and how + adjective or adverb exclamations, the subject comes before the verb. Question-order exclamations are a different pattern: Isn't it tall! (Informal American English also has How crazy is that!)
See so and such for so and such in exclamations, Question forms: yes/no and wh- questions for how in questions, and Gradable and non-gradable adjectives: choosing degree words for strong adjectives.
Eight questions. Choose one answer for each.